COVID-19 Pandemisinin Davranışsal Etkileri Üzerine: Teorik Bir Bakış
Özet
Çiğdem İnce Ayaydın tarafından kaleme alınan bu çalışmada, 2019 yılı sonunda Çin'in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan ve 11 Mart 2020’de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından küresel bir pandemi olarak ilan edilen COVID-19 salgınının insan ve çalışan davranışları üzerindeki etkileri mevcut akademik literatür ışığında derlenmektedir. Karantina uygulamaları, sosyal mesafe kısıtlamaları ve iş güvensizliği gibi olumsuz gelişmeler; bireylerin psikolojik ruh halleri, stres düzeyleri, iş tatminleri, örgütsel bağlılıkları ve motivasyonları üzerinde derin tahribat yaratmıştır. Araştırmada incelenen bulgular, özellikle ön saflarda mücadele veren sağlık çalışanlarının yüksek düzeyde tükenmişlik, depresyon, anksiyete ve ailelerine virüs bulaştırma kaygısı (%86,9) yaşadıklarını göstermektedir. Kadın çalışanlar ile yüksek nevrotiklik düzeyine sahip bireyler pandeminin yarattığı stres ve sıkıntılardan psikolojik açıdan daha fazla etkilenirken, olumlu bir tutum sergilemek stresi hafifleten en güçlü koruyucu faktör olarak öne çıkmıştır. Otelcilik sektöründe iş güvensizliği çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetlerini tırmandırırken, eğitim sektöründe öğretmenler artan iş yükü ve teknolojik uyum zorlukları sebebiyle belirgin tükenmişlik belirtileri göstermiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, hamile kadınlarda kaygı seviyelerinin yükseldiği ve algılanan sosyal desteğin azaldığı, toplum genelinde ise stresle başa çıkma yöntemi olarak alkol kullanımı ile zihinsel sağlık sorunlarının arttığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak COVID-19 salgını; çalışanların motivasyon, bağlılık ve iş tatminlerini belirgin biçimde düşürürken, tükenmişlik, depresyon, anksiyete ve işten ayrılma eğilimlerini tırmandırmıştır.
In this study authored by Çiğdem İnce Ayaydın, the behavioral impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic—which emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 and was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020—on individuals and employees are reviewed in light of existing academic literature. Negative developments such as quarantine measures, social distancing restrictions, and job insecurity created severe disruptions in individuals' psychological state of mind, stress levels, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and motivation. Findings compiled in the study reveal that healthcare workers fighting on the frontlines experienced high levels of burnout, depression, anxiety, and fear of transmitting the virus to their families (86.9%). While female employees and individuals with high levels of neuroticism were more psychologically impacted by pandemic-induced stress and distress, maintaining a positive attitude emerged as the strongest protective factor in reducing stress. In the hospitality sector, job insecurity increased employees' turnover intentions, whereas teachers in the education sector exhibited significant signs of burnout due to increased workload and technological adaptation challenges. Furthermore, elevated anxiety levels and decreased perceived social support were found among pregnant women, alongside increased mental health issues and alcohol consumption as a coping mechanism across the general public. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced employees' motivation, commitment, and job satisfaction while escalating burnout, depression, anxiety, and turnover intentions.
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