Deprem Kayıtları Kullanılarak Yerel Zemin Özelliklerinin Araştırılması
Özet
Bu çalışma, Adana ilinde bulunan ve AFAD tarafından işletilen 11 adet kuvvetli yer hareketi istasyonunda 2014-2020 yılları arasında kaydedilen 7 farklı depremin (Mw 4.1-6.8) üç bileşenli ivme verilerini kullanarak yerel zemin özelliklerini araştırmaktadır. Araştırmada, Nakamura tarafından önerilen yatay/düşey spektral oran (HVSR, H/V) yöntemi Geopsy yazılımı aracılığıyla uygulanarak zemin hâkim periyotları ve büyütme faktörleri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre, zemin hâkim periyotları 0.05 ile 1.75 saniye (hâkim frekanslar 0.57-18.89 Hz) arasında değişirken, büyütme faktörleri (H/V) ise 2.4 ile 5.1 arasında değerler almaktadır. Hâkim periyot ve büyütme faktörleri kullanılarak hesaplanan zemin hasar görebilirlik indeksi (Kg) değerlerinin 0.6 ile 24 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiş; en yüksek Kg değerleri Kozan Fayı civarındaki istasyonlarda ve yüksek periyotlu yumuşak zemin alanlarında gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, yeraltının ilk 30 metresindeki ortalama kayma dalgası hızı (Vs30) çeşitli ampirik bağıntılar yardımıyla hesaplanarak AFAD tarafından MASW yöntemi ile belirlenen saha ölçüm verileriyle detaylı biçimde karşılaştırılmıştır. İncelemeler sonucunda, Hassani ve Atkinson (2016) tarafından önerilen ampirik bağıntının çalışma sahasında elde edilen Vs30 değerleriyle en uyumlu sonuçları sunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kuvvetli yer hareketi kayıtlarından HVSR yöntemiyle yerel zemin özelliklerinin başarılı ve hızlı bir şekilde elde edilebildiği, ancak tahmin doğruluğunu artırmak için çalışma alanına özgü yerel ampirik bağıntıların geliştirilmesinin büyük önem taşıdığı ortaya konmuştur.
This study investigates local site conditions in Adana province using three-component acceleration data from seven different earthquakes (Mw 4.1–6.8) recorded between 2014 and 2020 at 11 strong ground motion stations operated by AFAD. In the research, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR, H/V) method proposed by Nakamura was applied via Geopsy software to calculate soil dominant periods and amplification factors. Based on the analysis results, soil dominant periods range from 0.05 to 1.75 seconds (dominant frequencies 0.57–18.89 Hz), while amplification factors (H/V) vary between 2.4 and 5.1. The site vulnerability index (Kg) values, calculated using dominant periods and amplification factors, range between 0.6 and 24, with the highest Kg values observed at stations near the Kozan Fault and in soft soil areas with high periods. Furthermore, the average shear wave velocity in the top 30 meters (Vs30) was calculated using various empirical equations and compared in detail with field measurement data obtained by AFAD via the MASW method. The evaluation revealed that the empirical relation proposed by Hassani and Atkinson (2016) yielded the most consistent results with the Vs30 values of the study area. In conclusion, local site characteristics can be successfully and rapidly determined from strong ground motion records using the HVSR method, although developing region-specific empirical relations is of critical importance to enhance prediction accuracy.
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