Open Innovation Paradigm: The Case of Türki̇ye
Özet
This case study by Kevser YILMAZ examines the open innovation paradigm within a developing country context by investigating a leading foundry and valve manufacturer in Turkey. To address the literature gap regarding open innovation practices in developing economies, the research explores the firm's approaches, tools, networks, drivers, benefits, and barriers through qualitative content analysis of in-depth interviews and archival data. The findings reveal that the company primarily adopts inbound acquiring—collaborating with universities, suppliers, and customers for expertise—and outbound selling through licensing out innovations like an AI-equipped RFID smart bolt, while omitting inbound sourcing and outbound revealing. For tools, the firm relies on online suggestion boxes, customer complaint listening-in systems, and computer simulations. Its open innovation network encompasses academic institutions, supply chain partners, clients, and competitors. Strategic management, business process improvement, and enhanced customer satisfaction serve as key motives and yield substantial benefits such as competitive advantage, operational efficiency, and market share growth. However, adoption is constrained by time and budget limits, organizational habits, prejudice, limited skilled personnel, and product acceptance challenges. Overall, the study underscores how manufacturing firms in developing countries rely heavily on external knowledge to compensate for resource limitations and build dynamic, competitive technological capabilities.
Referanslar
Anderson, N., De Dreu, C. K. and Nijstad, B. A. (2004). The routinization of innovation research: A constructively critical review of the state‐of‐the‐science. Journal of organizational Behavior, 25 (2), 147-173.
Atrek, B., İlter, B. and Özdağoğlu, G. (2016). Relationship Between Web Based User Innovation Tools and Firms' Innovativeness. Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences, 18 (2), 291-317.
Axtell, C. M., et al. (2000). Shopfloor innovation: Facilitating the suggestion and implementation of ideas. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 73 (3), 265-285.
Bailetti, A. J. and Callahan, J. R. (1992). Assessing the impact of university interactions on an R&D organization. R&D Management, 22 (2), 145-156.
Barrett, M., et al. (2015). Service innovation in the digital age. MIS quarterly, 39 (1), 135-154.
Bigliardi, B. and Galati, F. (2016). Which factors hinder the adoption of open innovation in SMEs?. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 28 (8), 869-885.
Boudreau, K. (2007). Does opening a platform stimulate innovation? The effect on systemic and modular innovations.
Brown, S. P. (2008). Business Processes and Business Functions: a new way of looking at employment. Monthly Lab. Rev., 131, 1-24.
Bullinger, A. C. and Moeslein, K. M. (2010). Innovation Contests–Where are we. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS).
Cagle, M. N., Yılmaz, K., & Doğru, H. (2020). Digitalization of business functions under Industry 4.0. In Digital Business Strategies in Blockchain Ecosystems (pp. 105-132). Springer, Cham.
Cagle, M. N. (2020). Reflections of Digitalization on Accounting: The Effects of Industry 4.0 on Financial Statements and Financial Ratios. In Digital Business Strategies in Blockchain Ecosystems (pp. 473-501). Springer, Cham.
Casprini, E.,et al. (2017). How family firms execute open innovation strategies: the Loccioni case. Journal of Knowledge Management, 21 (6), 1459-1485.
Chaudhary, S., Kaur, P., Talwar, S., Islam, N., & Dhir, A. (2022). Way off the mark? Open innovation failures: Decoding what really matters to chart the future course of action. Journal of Business Research, 142, 1010-1025.
Chen, Y. and Puttitanun, T. (2005). Intellectual property rights and innovation in developing countries. Journal of development economics, 78 (2), 474-493.
Cheng, C. and Huizingh, K. R. E. (2010, June). Open innovation to increase innovation performance: evidence from a large survey. In 2010. Proceedings of the XXI ISPIM International Conference, Bilbao, Spain, June (Vol. 6, No. 9).
Chesbrough, H. (2003). The logic of open innovation: managing intellectual property. California management review, 45 (3), 33-58.
Chesbrough, H. (2006). Open innovation: a new paradigm for understanding industrial innovation, Open innovation: Researching a new paradigm, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1-19.
Chesbrough, H. and Crowther, A. K. (2006). Beyond high tech: early adopters of open innovation in other industries. R&d Management, 36 (3), 229-236.
Chiaroni, D., Chiesa, V. and Frattini, F. (2011). The Open Innovation Journey: How firms dynamically implement the emerging innovation management paradigm. Technovation, 31 (1), 34-43.
Chiesa, V. and Manzini, R. (1998). Organizing for technological collaborations: a managerial perspective. R&D Management, 28 (3), 199-212.
Chin, J. C. and Grossman, G. M. (1988). Intellectual property rights and North-South trade (No. w2769). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Conway, S. (1995). Informal boundary-spanning communication in the innovation process: An empirical study. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 7 (3), 327-342.
Cottam, A., Ensor, J. and Band, C. (2001). A benchmark study of strategic commitment to innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management.
Çubukcu, A. and Gümüş, B. (2015). Systematic Design of an Open Innovation Tool. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 2859-2867.
Dahlander, L. and Gann, D. M. (2010). How open is innovation?. Research policy, 39 (6), 699-709.
Ebersberger, B., et al. (2012). Open innovation practices and their effect on innovation performance. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 9 (06), 1250040.
Emden, Z., Calantone, R. J. and Droge, C. (2006). Collaborating for new product development: selecting the partner with maximum potential to create value. Journal of product innovation management, 23 (4), 330-341.
Ford, C. M. (2000). Creative developments in creativity theory. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, 25 (2), 284.
Gassmann, O. and Enkel, E. (2004), “Towards a theory of open innovation: three core process archetypes”, Proceedings of the R&D Management Conference (RADMA), Lissabon.
Helper, S., MacDuffie, J. P. and Sabel, C. (2000). Pragmatic collaborations: advancing knowledge while controlling opportunism. Industrial and corporate change, 9 (3), 443-488.
Inauen, M., and Schenker-Wicki, A. (2011). The impact of outside-in open innovation on innovation performance. European Journal of Innovation Management, 14 (4), 496-520
Lettl, C., Herstatt, C. and Gemuenden, H. G. (2006). Users' contributions to radical innovation: evidence from four cases in the field of medical equipment technology. R&D Management, 36 (3), 251-272.
Lichtenthaler, U. and Lichtenthaler, E. (2009). A capability‐based framework for open innovation: Complementing absorptive capacity. Journal of management studies, 46 (8), 1315-1338.
Matulova, P., et al. (2018). Open innovation session as a tool supporting innovativeness in strategies for high-tech companies in the Czech Republic. Economies, 6 (4), 69.
Mergel, I. (2018). Open innovation in the public sector: drivers and barriers for the adoption of Challenge. gov. Public Management Review, 20 (5), 726-745.
Möslein, K. M. and Bansemir, B. (2011). Strategic open innovation: basics, actors, tools and tensions. In Strategies and communications for innovations (pp. 11-23). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Oduro, S. (2019). Examining open innovation practices in low-tech SMEs: insights from an emerging market. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management.
Parida, V., Westerberg, M. and Frishammar, J. (2012). Inbound open innovation activities in high‐tech SMEs: the impact on innovation performance. Journal of small business management, 50 (2), 283-309.
Perkmann, M. and Walsh, K. (2007). University–industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9 (4), 259-280.
Pilav-Velic, A. and Jahic, H. (2021). The adoption of inbound open innovation practices in developing countries: empirical evidence from the manufacturing sector. European Journal of Innovation Management.
Pilav-Velić, A. and Marjanovic, O. (2016). Integrating open innovation and business process innovation: Insights from a large-scale study on a transition economy. Information & Management, 53 (3), 398-408.
Sabando-Vera, D., Yonfa-Medranda, M., Montalván-Burbano, N., Albors-Garrigos, J., & Parrales-Guerrero, K. (2022). Worldwide Research on Open Innovation in SMEs. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 20.
Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J. and Oldham, G. R. (2004). The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here?. Journal of Management, 30 (6), 933-958.
Sisodiya, S. R. (2008). The effect of open innovation on new product development success: The moderation of interfirm relational knowledge stores and social network characteristics. Washington State University.
Spithoven, A., Vanhaverbeke, W. and Roijakkers, N. (2013). Open innovation practices in SMEs and large enterprises. Small Business Economics, 41 (3), 537-562.
Usman, M. and Vanhaverbeke, W. (2017). How start-ups successfully organize and manage open innovation with large companies. European Journal of Innovation Management, 20 (1), 171-186.
Van der Panne, G., Van Beers, C. and Kleinknecht, A. (2003). Success and failure of innovation: a literature review. International Journal of Innovation Management, 7 (03), 309-338.
Verbano, C., Crema, M. and Venturini, K. (2015). The Identification and Characterization of Open Innovation Profiles in I talian Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises. Journal of Small Business Management, 53 (4), 1052-1075.
Vincent, A. S., Decker, B. P. and Mumford, M. D. (2002). Divergent thinking, intelligence, and expertise: A test of alternative models. Creativity research journal, 14 (2), 163-178.
Von Hippel, E. (2001). Perspective: User toolkits for innovation. The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 18 (4): 247-257.
West, J. and Lakhani, K. R. (2008). Getting clear about communities in open innovation. Industry and Innovation, 15 (2), 223-231.
West, M. A. and Hirst, G. (2003). Cooperation and teamwork for innovation. International handbook of organizational teamwork and cooperative working, 297-319.
Woodman, R. W., Sawyer, J. E. and Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of management review, 18 (2), 293-321.
Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Sage publications.
