Sefalosporinlerin Etki Spektrumu ve Kullanım Alanları
Özet
Sefalosporinler; gerek ayaktan, gerek yatarak tedavide en sık kullanılan antimikrobiyallerdendir. Antimikrobiyal aktivitelerine dayalı olarak beş grupta incelenirler. Birinci kuşaktan üçüncü kuşağa doğru gram pozitif aktivite azalırken gram negatif etkinlik artar. Dördüncü kuşak her iki gruba etkiliyken, beşinci kuşak MRSA etkinliği ile diğerlerinden ayrılır. Güvenlik profilinin makul ve etki spektrumlarının geniş olmasıyla kullanım alanları da santral sinir sistemi enfeksiyonları ve yaşamı tehdit eden enfeksiyonlardan deri yumuşak doku enfeksiyonlarına uzanan geniş bir yelpazede dağılır. Özellikle Genişlemiş Spektrumlu Beta Laktamaz (ESBL), İndüklenebilir Beta Laktamaz (IBL) gibi enzimleri üreten Enterobacteriacea, etkin kullanımı önünde bir tehdit oluşturur. Seftolozan tazobaktam ve seftazidim avibaktam gibi kombinasyonlar bu alanda umut vadetse de bunlara da direnç geliştiği gösterilmiştir.
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