Aminoglikozidlerin Etki Spektrumu ve Kullanım Alanları
Özet
Aminoglikozidler Actinomycetes grubu gram pozitif bakterilerden elde edilen antimikrobiyal ajanlar olup 1940'lardan beri kullanılmaktadır. Streptomisin, gentamisin, amikasin, neomisin, netilmisin, paromomisin, spektinomisin, tobramisin, plazomisin sık kullanılan türevlerdir. 30s ribozomal alt birimindeki 16s ters transfer RNA kısmında aminoasil bölgesine yüksek afinite ile bağlanarak etki ederler. Etki spektrumu içinde gram negatif ve pozitif bakteriler, mikobakteriler ve parazitler bulunur. Konsantrasyona bağlı öldürme, postantibiyotik etki, kombinasyonda sinerjistik etki ve tek doz kullanım farmakodinamik özellikleri oluşturur. Klinik kullanım alanları etkene yönelik tedaviler, ciddi veya dirençli enfeksiyonlarda diğer ajanlarla kombinasyon tedavileri, cerrahi profilaksi ve ortopedik cerrahidir. Yan etkileri arasında nefrotoksisite, ototoksisite ve nöromüsküler blokaj yer alır.
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