Cleaner Production Practice Recommendations in the Agriculture Sector: Literature Review
Özet
This literature review examines Cleaner Production Practices (CPP) in the agricultural sector to effectively address escalating global food demand and severe environmental degradation resulting from intensive farming practices. Conceptualized by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Cleaner Production applies a continuous, holistic, and preventive strategy aimed at increasing energy, water, and material efficiency while reducing overall waste, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Because agriculture consumes approximately 70% of global water resources and accounts for around 30% of global energy usage, implementing resource-saving technologies is critical for sustainable development. Major recommendations emphasize transitioning to controlled-release nano-fertilizers to replace conventional options, which suffer substantial nutrient losses and cause environmental problems like eutrophication. Additionally, the review highlights the integration of biopesticides to mitigate chemical toxicity, the recycling of agricultural residues such as rice straw for bioenergy or construction materials, and the deployment of renewable solar and wind energy for agricultural applications. Implementing soil testing-based fertilization, the System of Rice Intensification (SRI/RCS), and basin-based crop selection further enhances resource efficiency. Ultimately, fostering practitioner awareness, providing financial incentives, and adopting supportive policies are vital to ensure global food security, enhance agricultural productivity, and protect the environment.
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