Propagation of Bananas Via Tissue Culture Techniques
Özet
Bananas (Musa spp.) are vital perennial herbaceous food crops cultivated worldwide for nourishment, income, and medicinal applications. Traditionally propagated using sword suckers, conventional banana cultivation faces severe limitations due to pest infestations and major diseases such as Fusarium wilt, Xanthomonas wilt, and Black Sigatoka, which can reduce fruit yields by over 30%. Micropropagation via tissue culture techniques addresses these issues by producing clean, disease-free, and high-quality planting material, offering 20–50% greater fruit yields, earlier flowering, and uniform harvests. The process begins with selecting shoot tips containing apical meristems from suckers, followed by surface sterilization using ethanol and sodium or calcium hypochlorite. Explants are initiated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media enriched with sucrose, antioxidants to prevent tissue browning, and growth regulators such as benzyl adenine (BA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Higher concentrations of cytokinins promote rapid shoot multiplication, allowing clusters to be periodically subcultured. Finally, shoots are transferred to rooting media containing auxins like IAA, NAA, or IBA, sometimes supplemented with activated charcoal, producing genetically stable plantlets that acclimatize successfully in substrates like cocopeat.
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